« Older Entries

How to Get a Linux Administrator Job

Linux
Linux is an operating system that can get operated through Graphic User Interface (GUI). It is a complete reimplementation of the POSIX interface that got initiated by Linus Torvalds (Jaeger, 2008). POSIX refers to the portable operating system interface. It describes an application program for programmers to know the functions, data structures, and variables to utilize to implement the code they are making for the operating system. In the recent past Linux operating system has gained massive popularity, thus necessitating its promotion as a viable alternative to Windows and especially for server systems such as web servers. Fox (2014) states that a survey of the top one million web servers conducted in 2001 indicated that approximately two-thirds ran on Unix/Linux whereas slightly above the third ran on Microsoft Windows. Linux operating system continuously gains acceptance hence various measures have got adopted to address the security challenges of traditional UNIX systems.

Linux got developed initially for Intel 80386 processor-based IBM-compatible personal computers. It has since developed and gets used on other platforms based on various processor architectures that include Hewlett-Packard, Oracle, Motorola 680*0, Hewlett-Packard PA-RISC, Intel Itanium, and ARM. A variety of multiprocessor-based platforms also ports Linux. The Linux operating system comprises of two parts namely the kernel and several utilities and libraries (Haldar, 2015). The kernel is the core of the system management, although other parts execute different tasks unique to the operating system. The Linux kernel comprises of various essential parts such as process management, hardware device drivers, file system drivers, memory management, and network management (JAMES, 2011). The process management function sends the processes to the processor to create multiple processors. The memory management function allocates memory to process and frees the memory after been used by the process. The file system function is the base of Linux (Jadhav, 2014). Other types of kernel features available to user processes include system calls that undertake specific tasks that a user process would not implement efficiently on its own (Ward, 2014).

Advantages of Linux Operating System
First, Linux operating system gets used by majority servers that run on the internet. It gets attributed to the fact that the usage of Unix/Linux does not get restricted to web servers as the platform is famous for mail servers, file servers, database servers as well as domain name system servers. Second is that Macintosh operating system (Mac OS X) runs on top of a UNIX operating system that gets based on the Mach Unix Kernel. Most portable computing devices run a version of Linux such as Google Android, and also hardware devices such as firewalls, routers, and Wi-Fi access points run on Linux or UNIX (Fox, 2014).

Linux operating system has free open source meaning the source code in the software is available for programmers to add to, improve or modify the code and make the new code available. Enhancements are essential in that they assist in protecting the software so that it has fewer security loopholes. Additions, on the other hand, provide new features to the software. Alterations to the software allow users to select the version they prefer to use. The software is also freely available.

Linux operating system allows for greater control. Although Windows allow a DOS shell for the user to enter commands, there is the restriction of the DOS commands in the scope. However, in Unix or Linux the power comes from the command line, thus, a user can specify different options for the commands entered through the command line, therefore, controlling the operating system with greater precision (Shotts Jr, 2012).

Linux operating system is appropriate for individuals who want to learn more about operating systems. Unlike Windows, Linux operating system exposes an individual to details of what takes place. The Command Line Interface (CLI) in Unix or Linux forces an individual to learn because it is the only way of knowing how to use the command line. The operating system also assists a learner to understand with a variety of support available such as man pages.

Many users prefer using Linux due to various reasons that include using Linux to set up internet firewalls as it allows users to set up internet or intranet services. Linux also gets preferred by internet service providers because it does not require a steep licensing fee to install and is compatible with most cheap devices. The software is free and gets distributed according to GNU General Public Licence developed by Richard Stallman (McKinnon & McKinnon, 2004).

Linux Administrators
Linux operating system runs most of the world’s top supercomputers that any other operating system. According to Adelstein & Lubanovic (2007), an astonishing 75 percent of all the top 500 supercomputers in the world run on Linux. This high use of Linux operating systems consequently results in an extraordinarily high demand for Linux administrators. Due to the nature of Linux operating system as a modern and multiuser operating system, it needs a degree of administration more than other less involving and home-market systems.

Responsibilities of a Linux administrator
i. Oversees the physical database design, administration, and documentation

ii. Administer and manage large Linux server environment while focusing more on the performance, monitoring, tuning, and management.

iii. Training and mentoring junior-level administrators as well as giving the direction of technology solutions for the business.

iv. Install, configure, and troubleshoot all the hardware, software, and equipment needed to attain integrated system objectives; offer support services on escalated issues (Carling, Degler, & Dennis, 2000).

v. Provide daily technical support and consulting services for the hardware and operating system environment supporting the collection platform

vi. Creating and maintain user accounts in an organization (Collings, & Wall, 2005).

vii. Give effective first or second-level support for a company’s Linux environment on over 300-plus servers such as Linux blades.

viii. Undertake the management of all factors of the integrity of the environment like the security, monitoring, software management and change control.

ix. Administer infrastructure services – NIS, LDAP, DNS, FTP, SMTP, Postfix/Sendmail, Samba, NFS, – and application as well as database servers particularly focusing on automation and monitoring.

x. To squeeze the best performance from equipment, monitoring the system and utilizing Linux’s built-in configurability wisely.

xi. Interface with other internal support departments like the Database Administrators, Web Services, Storage, Security, Operations, Engineering, Application Development, Change Control and Command Centers.

xii. Provide network troubleshooting services, escalated service desk support as well as monitoring the mission-crucial systems (Adelstein & Lubanovic, 2007)

Linux system administrators have to be highly skilled and competent so as to minimize frequent mistakes and errors by the administrator. Carling, et. al 2000, states that the most common cause of a Linux or Unix system downtime is administrator error. For instance, when an administrator types rm –fr* from the wrong directory. They should also be available since they are always sought to make vital decisions and recommendations. Linux administrators should also continuously improve their proficiency in operating Linux systems through training, seminars, and conferences.

Proposal

The researcher’s job as a Linux administrator in the organization will aim at enhancing the needs assessment process. The job will entail a systematic process of identifying all the loopholes and weaknesses in the Linux system, identifying all the contributing factors and finally creating suitable solutions to address the problems. The improvements and modifications in the Linux system will help the company improve its performance as well as have better cyber security measures. These enhancements in the enterprise will get integrated through the iteration process. Each of the iterations in the enhancement process shall undergo a series of verification testing as well as evaluation of four phases namely, the planning phase, the action phase, the observation phase and the reflection phase.

Iteration 1: Orientation
This iteration will involve brainstorming session with representation from each of the three divisions in the organization. A discussion will occur regarding how to improve the communication flow in the organization. A team will get set to identify the requirements necessary for improving the Linux system in the organization. The objectives of the needs assessment process will get set by the team lead by the Linux administrator. The researcher will gather requirements needed for the enhancement.

Iteration 2: Training

The plan in this iteration is follow up on the brainstorming session with each (one on one) of the three Linux admin experts. This session will discuss the outcome of the brainstorming session and a more detailed discussion of their division’s requirements. The researcher will get trained on the operation of the current system as well as familiarize with the specific roles performed by the system in each of the departments in the organization. The specifications of the hardware and software requirements of the Linux system will get identified in this session.

Iteration 3: Systems Analysis
This step will involve the follow-up meeting with the three Linux professionals to review the identified common requirements, possible integration of requirements, and determine the management of unique requirements at the division level. The researcher is responsible for managing common and integrated requirements, and the appropriate department must handle unique needs. The requirements will get prioritized to determine the most essential in improving the Linux system. At the conclusion of this meeting, the division representatives will be tasked with formulating a solution for all unique requirements.

Iteration 4: Implementation and development

The researcher in this iteration will be required to analyze the feedback of any or all of the unique requirements from each of the divisions. Then, document a final process to collect ‘needs’ from each of the divisions. The documentation will include the new code for the proposed system. The coding of the proposed system will adhere to the specifications identified in previous systems as well as aim to achieve the set objectives.

Iteration 5: Installation and Maintenance
In this session, the installation of the proposed Linux system will involve a piloting model first to determine if the system functions properly. The Linux system will then get installed into various departments of the organizations through the step by step process. Configuring of the system will then get undertake. This session will also involve training of the users of the system. The Linux administrator will then monitor and maintain the new Linux system as it performs the defined functions. The Linux Administrator also manages the Linux files, directories, and processes.

Tags:

Five Crucial Skills That Each and Every GMP Internal Auditor Must Have

Conformance with GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) is still crucial to ensuring the security and quality of pharmaceutical products, even as the business grows and changes. Thus, to ensure compliance with industry standards, GMP is crucial to all pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Establishing and carrying out an internal audit process is one of the most important measures to meet those standards. To make sure that GMP processes are correctly followed throughout the company, an internal audit team made up of one or more GMP internal auditors is essential.

Which Top Skills Are Needed for GMP Internal Auditors?

In the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and medical device sectors, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) refer to a system of rules and regulations that guarantee the consistency, quality, and safety of products. Tracing issues, confirming compliance, and streamlining procedures all depend on GMP records and documentation. Quality assurance specialists, inspectors, and consultants who need to confirm the veracity, correctness, and completeness of the information must possess the crucial ability to audit GMP documents and records. We’ll look at the abilities required in this post to successfully and efficiently audit GMP records and documentation.

Interpersonal Skills: A successful auditor must possess effective interpersonal skills, such as active listening. 80% of the time should be spent listening and 20% should be spent talking, according to the “80/20 rule”. Since they have to share their opinions, ideas, and proposals with other auditors, executives, senior management, and regulatory bodies, auditors place a high value on communication. Misunderstandings, useless advice, and a loss of trust can result from poor communication. Attend the online GMP auditor training, workshops, or seminars to hone your communication abilities. You can also concentrate on your active listening skills. Almost as important as technology skills, communication skills rank as one of the top two attributes auditors should have.
Know the GMP Requirements: Understanding the pertinent GMP regulations for one’s product, process, and market is essential for conducting an audit of GMP documentation and records. The kind of product, level of complexity, stage of development, and regulatory body may all affect these needs. Understanding relevant GMP standards, guidelines, and regulations from organizations like the ICH, EU, FDA, and WHO is essential. It’s also crucial to interpret and utilize these recommendations in the context and circumstances that are unique to you.
Planning, Multitasking, and Time Management: Since auditing entails organizing the day or days and scheduling procedures to be audited, it is crucial for auditors. Time management is essential to ensuring that activities are prioritized, as smaller businesses frequently create internal audit teams from within their current workforce. Tight timelines for audit completion are necessary, and ineffective time management can result in hurried or incomplete audits, overlooked compliance problems, and postponed corrective action. A thorough audit plan, early deadline setting, and work prioritization using calendars, to-do lists, task management applications, reminders, and audit management software are all effective ways for auditors to enhance their time management abilities. By concentrating on these elements, auditors may guarantee that the audit is finished on schedule and prevent oversights of compliance problems.
Communication Skills: A variety of stakeholders, including the auditee, the auditor, management, regulators, and customers, must be communicated with when conducting an audit of GMP documents and records. Communication with all parties involved must be done in an understandable, professional, and courteous manner. Engaging in active listening, posing pertinent queries, offering helpful criticism, and summarizing your conclusions and suggestions are all necessary. Depending on the audit’s goal, audience, and circumstances, you should be able to modify your communication style and tactics.
Professional Scepticism: To be a trustworthy, moral, and productive auditor, one must possess professional scepticism. Avoiding quick cuts and reassessing every step of the audit process is part of it. This mindset entails remaining impartial, doubting the veracity of information or documents, and approaching evidence with scepticism. Between total trust and total doubt, there is a balance. Using a sound judgment process, taking into account all pertinent facts, being receptive to new ideas, and avoiding biases and judgment traps are all important ways for auditors to develop their professional scepticism. They become an ethical, successful, and trustworthy auditor with this method.

Tags:

Leading the Way: Top BSc in Hospitality Management Degree Colleges in Delhi

The hospitality industry is rapidly growing, creating a significant demand for qualified professionals. Pursuing a Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Hospitality Management opens doors to exciting career opportunities in this vibrant sector. Delhi, with its robust educational infrastructure, offers some of the finest programs in hospitality management. Additionally, Bangalore also stands out with top colleges and specialized certificate programs in tourism, hospitality, and culinary arts. This article explores the leading BSc in Hospitality Management degree colleges in Delhi along with the best educational options in Bangalore.
Top Hospitality & Tourism Colleges in Delhi
These colleges provide a blend of theoretical knowledge and practical experience, ensuring that students are well-prepared for the dynamic hospitality industry. Here are some of the top hospitality and tourism colleges in Delhi
Top BSc in Hospitality Management Degree Colleges in Delhi
For students specifically interested in a BSc in Hospitality Management, Delhi offers several top-tier colleges known for their specialized programs and excellent training facilities:

Indian Institute of Hotel Management (IIHM), Delhi

IIHM is renowned for its industry-oriented curriculum and strong placement record. The BSc in Hospitality Management program at IIHM provides a solid foundation in hospitality operations, management principles, and customer service. BSc in Hospitality and Hotel Administration, focusing on the holistic development of students. The institute emphasizes practical training and industry internships to ensure students are job-ready upon graduation.The Hotel School offers a comprehensive BSc in Hospitality Management program that covers all aspects of the hospitality industry. The school is known for its excellent faculty and state-of-the-art training facilities.

Study Bachelor of Science Hotel Management in Delhi
Studying for a Bachelor of Science in Hotel Management in Delhi offers students a unique advantage due to the city’s vibrant hospitality industry and proximity to numerous hotels, restaurants, and event management companies. The BSc in Hotel Management programs in Delhi are designed to equip students with the skills and knowledge needed to excel in various roles within the hospitality sector.

Best Colleges for BHM in Bangalore

Bangalore, known as the Silicon Valley of India, is also home to some of the best colleges for Bachelor of Hotel Management (BHM) programs. These institutions are renowned for their excellent academic standards, industry connections, and placement opportunities. Some of the best colleges for BHM in Bangalore include.

Hospitality Operations Certificate in Bangalore

For those looking to enhance their skills in hospitality operations, certificate programs in Bangalore offer a quick and effective way to gain specialized knowledge and improve career prospects. These programs are designed for both aspiring hospitality professionals and those already working in the industry who wish to upgrade their skills. Bangalore offers several reputable institutions that provide hospitality operations certificate programs, focusing on areas such as front office management, food and beverage service, housekeeping, and more.

Tourism and Hospitality Certificate Programs in Bangalore
In addition to hospitality operations, Bangalore also offers a variety of certificate programs in tourism and hospitality. These programs cater to individuals seeking to specialize in different aspects of the industry, such as travel and tour management, event planning, and sustainable tourism practices. The curriculum is designed to provide practical knowledge and industry insights, helping students to excel in their chosen field.

Best Culinary Arts Colleges in Bangalore
For those with a passion for culinary arts, Bangalore offers some of the best colleges that provide top-notch culinary education. These institutions are known for their excellent faculty, modern training kitchens, and comprehensive curriculum that covers various cuisines and culinary techniques. Some of the best culinary arts colleges in Bangalore include.

BSc Tourism and Hospitality Management in Bangalore
Bangalore also offers excellent options for those looking to pursue a BSc in Tourism and Hospitality Management. These programs provide a comprehensive education in both tourism and hospitality, preparing students for diverse career opportunities in the industry. The curriculum covers various aspects of tourism management, hospitality operations, and customer service, ensuring that graduates are well-equipped to meet the demands of the industry.

In conclusion, both Delhi and Bangalore offer excellent educational opportunities for those aspiring to build a career in the hospitality and tourism industry. With top BSc in Hospitality Management degree colleges in Delhi and the best BHM programs in Bangalore, students have access to world-class education and training that can propel them towards successful careers in hospitality management. Whether you’re looking to pursue a degree or a certificate, these cities provide the ideal environment to learn, grow, and excel in the dynamic world of hospitality and tourism.

Tags: