Five Crucial Skills That Each and Every GMP Internal Auditor Must Have

Conformance with GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) is still crucial to ensuring the security and quality of pharmaceutical products, even as the business grows and changes. Thus, to ensure compliance with industry standards, GMP is crucial to all pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Establishing and carrying out an internal audit process is one of the most important measures to meet those standards. To make sure that GMP processes are correctly followed throughout the company, an internal audit team made up of one or more GMP internal auditors is essential.

Which Top Skills Are Needed for GMP Internal Auditors?

In the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and medical device sectors, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) refer to a system of rules and regulations that guarantee the consistency, quality, and safety of products. Tracing issues, confirming compliance, and streamlining procedures all depend on GMP records and documentation. Quality assurance specialists, inspectors, and consultants who need to confirm the veracity, correctness, and completeness of the information must possess the crucial ability to audit GMP documents and records. We’ll look at the abilities required in this post to successfully and efficiently audit GMP records and documentation.

Interpersonal Skills: A successful auditor must possess effective interpersonal skills, such as active listening. 80% of the time should be spent listening and 20% should be spent talking, according to the “80/20 rule”. Since they have to share their opinions, ideas, and proposals with other auditors, executives, senior management, and regulatory bodies, auditors place a high value on communication. Misunderstandings, useless advice, and a loss of trust can result from poor communication. Attend the online GMP auditor training, workshops, or seminars to hone your communication abilities. You can also concentrate on your active listening skills. Almost as important as technology skills, communication skills rank as one of the top two attributes auditors should have.
Know the GMP Requirements: Understanding the pertinent GMP regulations for one’s product, process, and market is essential for conducting an audit of GMP documentation and records. The kind of product, level of complexity, stage of development, and regulatory body may all affect these needs. Understanding relevant GMP standards, guidelines, and regulations from organizations like the ICH, EU, FDA, and WHO is essential. It’s also crucial to interpret and utilize these recommendations in the context and circumstances that are unique to you.
Planning, Multitasking, and Time Management: Since auditing entails organizing the day or days and scheduling procedures to be audited, it is crucial for auditors. Time management is essential to ensuring that activities are prioritized, as smaller businesses frequently create internal audit teams from within their current workforce. Tight timelines for audit completion are necessary, and ineffective time management can result in hurried or incomplete audits, overlooked compliance problems, and postponed corrective action. A thorough audit plan, early deadline setting, and work prioritization using calendars, to-do lists, task management applications, reminders, and audit management software are all effective ways for auditors to enhance their time management abilities. By concentrating on these elements, auditors may guarantee that the audit is finished on schedule and prevent oversights of compliance problems.
Communication Skills: A variety of stakeholders, including the auditee, the auditor, management, regulators, and customers, must be communicated with when conducting an audit of GMP documents and records. Communication with all parties involved must be done in an understandable, professional, and courteous manner. Engaging in active listening, posing pertinent queries, offering helpful criticism, and summarizing your conclusions and suggestions are all necessary. Depending on the audit’s goal, audience, and circumstances, you should be able to modify your communication style and tactics.
Professional Scepticism: To be a trustworthy, moral, and productive auditor, one must possess professional scepticism. Avoiding quick cuts and reassessing every step of the audit process is part of it. This mindset entails remaining impartial, doubting the veracity of information or documents, and approaching evidence with scepticism. Between total trust and total doubt, there is a balance. Using a sound judgment process, taking into account all pertinent facts, being receptive to new ideas, and avoiding biases and judgment traps are all important ways for auditors to develop their professional scepticism. They become an ethical, successful, and trustworthy auditor with this method.

Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive mental disease that occurs due to the degeneration of the brain. It can manifest itself in the middle and old age thus causing premature senility. An interest in the disease arises from the fact that the condition affects a person’s cognitive ability. It raises the curiosity of how the brain changes to the extent that a healthy a functioning brain ends up damaged and almost non-functioning. A person that was once healthy and active may have Alzheimer’s disease, resulting in a loss of general body functioning. The cause of Alzheimer’s disease remains unknown although the early onset of the disease is associated with a genetic mutation. The late occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease, however, occurs due to a combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. People with APOE?4, have an increased of early onset of Alzheimer’s disease although people without the gene can also acquire the condition (Villemagne, & Ames, 2013).

Moreover, persons with Down syndrome have an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease because of the existence of the extra chromosome 21 with the gene that produces the harmful amyloid. Conditions such as heart problems, diabetes, and high blood pressure have also been associated with a decline in cognitive functioning that increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. According to Qui & Strauss (2009), approximately 25 million people are affected by Alzheimer’s disease. In the Europe, the age-standardized prevalence in 65+ is 64% for dementia and 4.4% for Alzheimer’s disease. In America, the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in individuals over 70 years is 9.7%. The number of people who have Alzheimer’s disease is anticipated to double in the next twenty years.

The first symptom for persons with Alzheimer’s disease is a cognitive impairment that begins to manifest through memory loss. The memory loss may not be immediate, but the individual may start by demonstrating increased forgetfulness and repetition of statements. The mild cognitive impairment may be difficult to detect, but as the condition progresses, it becomes obvious. The individual may demonstrate complete memory loss; he may wander and get the loss (Jack, 2013). The individual may also take longer to perform tasks that he used to take a short duration to complete. In the severest form of the condition, the individual loses the ability to communicate and may not recognize family members.

The symptoms begin and vary with the changes that the brain is experiencing. Alzheimer’s disease is progressive thus the damage to the brain can begin decades before the symptoms begin to show. The brain begins to have abnormal deposits of amyloid plaques and tau tangles (Selkoe, & Hardy, 2016). The result is the healthy neurons stop functioning and lose connections with each other. Damage first begins at the hippocampus, the part responsible for formation of memory. The damage to the hippocampus marks the indicator of the first sign of Alzheimer’s disease, memory loss.

The diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease involves a variety of test, examination and a look at the individual history. A physician may also perform a variety of tests to measure the patients, memory, problem-solving abilities, and language capacity. Laboratory tests such as urine and blood tests may be performed to eliminate other diseases that may manifest similar symptoms. Moreover, a CT, MRI, and PET test may be performed to rule out other possible causes of symptoms. Conditions such as stroke, brain tumors, and Parkinson’s diseases can expose an individual to symptoms such as those of Alzheimer’s disease.

There is no single intervention that is suitable for the management of Alzheimer’s disease. A patient may require a diversity of drugs and intervention to manage the condition (Liu & Shen, 2014). Currently, the emphasis is on helping patients maintain their mental function, manage their behavioral symptoms, and slow down the progression of the disease. There have been intensive studies to develop therapies that target the genetic, molecular and cellular mechanism of the disease. Medication such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and memantine are given to manage mild to severe Alzheimer’s. The drugs work by regulating the neurotransmitters, maintain thinking, memory and the patient’s communication skills. The medication does not work for all patients, while for others it may work for a while before they no longer do.

Unlike factors such as age and genetics that may be uncontrolled about the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease, lifestyle and health factors can be controlled. Exercise and physical activity can ensure a healthy brain as the activities encourage the formation of blood vessels through the brain. Moreover, exercise and physical activity increase the number of connections between nerve cells thus ensuring a healthy brain. Exercise stimulates the brain thus keeping it healthy and less prone to degeneration. Scientists have also discovered that a healthy diet that is rich in vegetables reduces the rate of cognitive decline (Norton, & Brayne, 2014). Foods containing imega-3 fatty acids such as salmons and fish also reduce the occurrence of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. Moreover, the engagement in mentally stimulating activities such as reading and engaging is sports activities reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

Enterprise Architecture for Health Insurance Exchange

The portal design shall take the following interface
Website Company Name (AGRI- POWER PORTAL)

Links navigation Link
Home

Services
Commercial
Accounts
About us
Login
Logout
Farm Chemicals
Farm tools
Farm projects
Horticulture
Livestock
Livestock Faming

Bee keeping
Seeds
Transport
Comments
Agricultural Dash Board Portal Major Display Area
Figure1 : The portal Design for Agricultural Based Enterprise
The agriculture based portal shall provide web-based services to the esteemed customers and the potential customer. The agribusiness portal shall contain three structural designs to incorporate the services to the clients. The portal is a dynamic website that provides all agricultural services across the world. The portal provides services on farm-based services like purchasing chemicals, use of chemicals and consultation services. The portal has horticulture farming, livestock farming, and beekeeping services. The display area provides streaming advertisements on projects and the news about agriculture.

Simple Information Exchanges
The secure health information exchange supports the following services to the clients

Document querying and retrieving
Direct messaging via PUSH technology
The system composes discrete data and information from multiple CCDs that contain detailed data from multiple sources. The system provides data sharing techniques to subscribers through the data mining and data warehousing approach (Bocciarelli, & D’Ambrogio, 2014).

Part B: Integrated Architectures
Enterprise integration for Business Services module supports enterprise process and goals through providing multiplatform programming support platform. The system integrates the business functions using VMware technology that acts as the middleware to support different platforms in other programming languages like XML, COBOL, Java, Microsoft Dot Net and others (Juric, et al…, 2010).

Legacy applications include the business application service and infrastructure services. The modules provide the integration of the database services through the modification of data and information. The sessions support data and information conversion to different formats. The strategies get applied during database development process, data mining activities and during data migration from one database design infrastructure to another.

B2B Integration and management services provide secure transfer and sharing of information between the public and private business enterprises across the world (Dorn, et al…, 2009). The system allows collaboration of business enterprises through subscribing to the Intranet cloud services. The platform supports the integration and interagency communications across the globe. The system supports the G2G systems that allow effective government interventions (Dorn, et al…, 2009). The system facilitates communication between the government agencies. The Interaction services systems support the intra-agency relations through the elimination of barriers for infrastructure principles and standard specified by the EAI policies. Through the interaction services module, inter-agency communications get approved enabling collaboration between people processes and information. The NIEM (National Information Exchange), development services platform, integrates the communication development environments through equalizing sanctions and standards from different agencies.

The system allows designing and creation of solutions depicted within different business entities. The collaboration allows acceptability of the various development standards for business entities to enter into the global market. The NIEM platform links the B2B systems to facilitate mutual interrelationships between different business operations (Dorn, et al…, 2009).

ESB Exploration: The enterprise service bus allows effective communication link between different enterprise activities and function to facilitate effective data and information transfer. All network and communication protocols get implemented through accommodating all sources of networks topologies and standards within the bus (Chandrasekaran, 2010). The bus offer powerful encapsulation, encryption and information hiding techniques to facilitate secure source to destination delivery of data and information (Chandrasekaran, 2010). The Mule architecture serves more effectively and efficiently compared to email based protocols. The message is secure via mule architecture and supports UDDI messaging protocols. The ESB architecture supports the orchestration, transformation, transportation mediation and non-functional consistency that form the core integration principles (Chandrasekaran, 2010).

Smart enterprises the smart enterprise capability is maintained via the incorporation of the extranet and intranet services that facilitate the extraction of data and information from different databases. The system allows digging of data from various databases through data mining techniques. The system supports the smart enterprise feature like intelligent decision support system. The enterprise business system implements the intelligence support capabilities through the use of access service model and the service registry database. The data and the information are supplied through cloud computing services that link the enterprise system to the World Wide Web interfaces. The Virtual technology that implements the industrial formats like the X12, the EDIFACTS, the SWIFT, the ACORD, the HIPAA and the HLA have been applied to support IBM web sphere transformation extension (Chandrasekaran, 2010). The platforms act as the universal transformation engine.